Antideflection roll assembly



l.. HoRNBosn-:L 2,651,103

ANTIDEFLECTION Rom. ASSEMBLY s sheets-sheet 2 Sept. 8, 1953 Filed April 9, 1948 Sept- 8, 1953 l.. HoRNBosTEl. 2,651,103

ANTIDEFLECTION ROLL. ASSEMBLY` Filed April 9, 1948 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 ZZV-E 17 fr @y JM# fWML;

Patented Sept. 8, 1953 ANTIDEFLECTION ROLL ASSEIHBLY Lloyd Hornbostel, Beloit, Wis., assignor to Beloit Iron Works, Beloit, Wis., a corporation of Wis-A consin Application April 9, 1948, Serial No. 20,010

12 claims. (C1. 2.9-123) This invention relates to improvements in the construction of rolls and supports therefor, and more particularly to improvements in rolls used in paper making which are subject togenoughV pressure to cause sufcientdeflection to make crowning of such rolls advisable. A

In a stack of calender rolls, for example, the bottom roll is subjected to a large amount of pressure and, having no roll thereunder, it has a tendency to deflect in accordance with the degree of pressure and the particular construction of the roll. It has been customary for some time to offset the expected-deflection bygrinding the bottom calender roll to provide a small amount of crown therein so that when the deflection doesY occur it will be offset by the crowning. However, such a crown is most effective only for the single calculated pressure for which it was designed and only at such pressure does it afford a uniform pressure at the nip with the overlying roll.

As a general rule, bottom calender rolls have heretofore been supported on journals which were part of the rolls and supported on bearings outside of the face of the rolls.

The present invention provides a roll and axle assembly therefor in which a through axle is provided with annular bearing surfaces or pads, or other bearing means well inside of the roll, while corresponding bearing surfaces or padsor other bearing means on the inner surface of the roll cooperate with these axle bearing surfaces so that the roll is thereby supported, not at its ends but intermediate thereof. I have further discovered that by providing these intermediate supports of the roll no crowning of the roll .between these points of support is required as the end portions of the roll outside of the points of support effect a cantilever action which counteracts the deflection of the middle portion of the roll. I find that by locating these two points of support inwardly from the roll ends approximately one fifth of the total roll length the best results are obtained. When a true cylindrical roll is thus supported and pressure is applied uniformly from end to end of the roll, the deflection lat the roll ends will be equal to the deflection at the point of the roll which is midway between the' supports.

However, when a calender roll is thus internally supported there will result some relative movement and some wear between the pads of the roll and axle, which will develop into looseness of t. I nd that this condition can be corrected by interposlng rubber or some other flexyat a certain distance from the endsk 2 ible element between 4the pads, or by otherwise supporting the rollI on the axle in such a manner that relative movement between them may occur without damage to either.

Accordingly the general object of the invention is to support a press roll upon an axle at two positions inwardly from the opposite ends of the roll each about one fth the length of the roll.

Another object of the invention is. to provide,

at such support positions exible contact surfaces to prevent damage to the metal of the axle and roll at such positions.

. Another object Vis to provide at the aforesaid support positions insertable sleeves and collars with a rubber liner between them.

Another object of the invention is to support the roll on the axle by means -allowing relative longitudinal movement of the roll and axle but preventing relative rotative movement.

Another object of the invention is to provide at the aforesaid support positions insertable sleeves and collars for positioning cooperative 'bearing elements serving to support the roll on the axle and to allow relative movement of the roll and axle.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be mentioned hereinafter or will be apparent from a perusal of this specification.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional View of one form of a roll and axle made in accordance with this invention.

, Figure 2 is a sectional view on an enlarged scale of the inner support assembly at the left endlp'ortion of the roll Vand axle shown in FigureV Figure 3 is a diagrammatic illustration, greatly exaggerated, of the deflection effects in a bottom calender roll when loaded.

Figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional View of a first modified form of roll and axle made in laccordance with this invention.

Figure 5 is a vertical sectional view on the line V-V of Figure 4. Y.

Figure 6 is -a longitudinal sectional view of one end portion of a second modified form of roll and axle made inaccord-ance with this invention.

Figure 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of one endportion of'a third modified form of roll and axle made in accordance with this invention.

Figure 8 is a fragmentary section of a fourth modification of the invention.

Referring to Figure 1 of the drawing, a roll I0 is shown mounted on an axle Il intended to rotate therewith. At I2 and I3 I provide the roll 3 with annular pads or thickened portions aligned with annular pads I4 and I5 on the axle.

Figure 2 shows a sleeve IE and a collar I'I with a thin layer I8 of rubber between them. Heferably, the rubber is vulcanized or otherwise bonded to both the sleeve and the collar, thus making into a unit the sleeve, collar and layer. The sleeve I6. shouldhave a verytight presst within the roll shoulder I2 while the collar 'II should have a tight press t on the enlarged porv10 tion I4 of the axle. The rubber layer may be quite thin, such as one-sixteenthiofcaninch,-for example, although this layer .may be Varied somewhat in thickness.

The sleeve, collar and rubber` layer at the 'other '15 support position should be identical in design.

When assembling the axle aHdsIolLfIthefunit consisting of the collar l1, rubber layer I8 and sleeve I6 will be mountedron the axle adjoining the limit or guide shoulder I9., and the axle pressed in the Toll. Thereafter, "a "collarfsleeve and "rubberlayer 'assembly for the` other"internal4 support'of theroll'may `v beslipped over the op'- posite end of the axle and^`forced into position bythe tools 'suitableifor'that operation.

Apart' from the' deflection of therolli itself, the axle itself will Aalso deflect 'under iheav'ypressui-es, and ka roll is v`supported internally asshown, a certain amount ofrelativemovement will occur"between'the roll andtheaxle which in time, `due tolthe operating'pressures and friction between rolland'axle, would cause, in the absence "of fthe sleeve, 'collar and `rubber layer assembly, a `deterioration'inthemetal"to metal contacting surfaces. This effect maybe termed gallingmor*Brinelling,"`and isa form ofmetal fatigue andwearwhich-is harmful toV both axle and roll.

However, by employing ^`the support assembly herein shown, the vrubberl klayer Jelirninates'wthe metal to`metal friction, `even though the `layer bey as thin as described,andthe'fgalling is'thus avoided.

Hence, "the improvement in `roll "de'fiection characteristics, rst mentioned, maybeobtained to thefullest advantagewihout any-diminution in the durability"ofthe-'rollendaxle. j

Figure 3 exaggerates tlfieactualA deectionandthe relative movement of theintegral'annular pads of the 4rollandamos', hut-thusserves vto indicate that the gap orV spacel occupied by the rubber layer is continually changing'inshape and position. However, the'ruboer Iayer,due` tothe interparticle flowcapacity .of rubber Vmolecules, will accommodate itself to these changes by flowing under-stressfmm .high load to'low load areas while yalways Yattempting toreclaim a uniformly loaded position. Therubber-is sol-id and therefore not compressiblabut it .will Work and flowwith the changingl .gap1 andatzall points it will remain interposedbetween the-opposing metal surfacesof thesleeves and colla-rs, very elfectively preventing the grilling .heretofore mentioned. 'Consequently .looseness of Vthe .roll on the axleidoes not develop. v

Figure 3 alsoexaggerates --the deflection'of a true cylindrical roll supported as shown. The total deection ofthe middle portion of this roll willbe less than if the roll'were' supported only at-its ends. Hence, less crowningv in the middle is required to obtain uniform pressure at the nip with the overlying' roll. vThe lend'portions of. the roll are 'ground to provide an expanding taper-"toward the ends. kThe 'crown Aand taper .supportedinternally on a separate axle with metal to metal contacting surfaces, the roll and the 'axle "have unequal deection characteristics. 'Yetif one attempts to hold them together by tight friction fitofthe metal surfaces, these unequal:deflectionttendencies will modify or react on each other in an unpredictable and non-uniform manner varying with the slippage between their mutually contacting surfaces. 'This will resuit in vwobblingwhich will-accentuate-the-'incompatibie deflection characteristics :of the :roll andaxle.

`However, the rubberllayerprovided in accordance'with this invention permits, `inifact choeurages, relative axial-slippage betweenthe roll: and axle, 'and enables each of lthel-twostructureszto deflect'freeiyiin accordancewithitsowninatural tendency, and there results a l marked imprrove-L L ment in the smoothl rotation of'thelroll.

While VYaxial' shifting or uslippage -is iperm itted` it is nevertheless limited-n fact, self-.limitingand as'the lforces'tendingfto produce relativeY angular rotation are 'slight such mcw'ementiwill be indeed even' more limited.

Inthe' form of theinventien'shownf in Figures:

4 Vand arollSis shown mountedupon an axle 3|',"intendedtosrotate therewith. The positionsY wheretne roll issupporteden theaxlearegasis.

trueof' theform shown lFigure `l, located in.-

wardly from the ends of the roll one-fifth of the.

length :of the roll,in orderto'obtainthe deflection characteristics A`vwhich lhave heretofore been explained.

.In this form of the invention, `convex.-surfaced collars '32 5 and 33V are -mounted on fthe -shaft 3 I against shoulders 34 and "-3 5, and-asleevesi Caml 31 correspondingly concaved -are positioned in the roll,'as"shown, The collars willhaveaztight fitV upon the 'axle shaft 4wli-'i-leathe sleeves S36 1 and 31 will fit tightly against 1 the finteiiorsurface :of the roll. andu will be located against Ithe shoulders. 38 and 39.

Aisleeve "-40, "at one end offthe roll, held4 in placer by nut 4L will `holdthe-cellar "32atitslproper location. Another sleeve-42,1 held iii-place '.by. bolts -43 willhol'd` the bearing-sleeve-f35 inE place. The collar 14x-stains packing-45 as shown. `At11the other end of the roll, a sleeveli serves ltohofd theA bearing collar 3'3 in7 location and itself is held.

non-rotatably `upon the shaft I 1by means` of 'a nut 4'11and a keyt. Thi'ssleeve isfwrthervprovidedV with` an external ring Igear 49 which -may beformed integrally. therewitlfi or 'otherwisefxed upon. its outerperiphery. Theiteeth' of ringgear 49 mesh with' theigear` teethltu'fhic'zhl are-'formed integrally upon or otherwisej'fix'ed securely-upon theinterior surface 'of thegsrleeve'rlf which 'holds the bearing. sleeveiB'fI inV place. 'The' latterL sleeye Iisholted. to the end'of'therollby'means of bolts 52 inaconjiunction with va collar 53 which latter Yholds,.packing material 'TillY between the sleeves 4,61 and dil.. Similar packing material at bOIBILends ofthe shaft'enable'onetoi'keep abody of oil inside of `the roll sothat"thelzlearingsur-` aosigioa faces between the convex collars 32 and 33 and the concave sleeves 35 and 3l may be lubricated.

Ducts 55 and 56 may be provided for supplyingv oil to the interior of the roll.

As may be appreciated from the discussion of the deflection problems in connection with the embodiment shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, the roll and axle assembly shown in Figures 4 and 5,'.

when subjected to similar loads, will likewise be deflected. However, as the internal sup-portsY are positioned inwardly from the roll ends about onefth of the length of the roll the pressure on thev and beyond the roll ends. Also, asthere will 'be some deflection of the roll end portions,1they may. beprovided with a smallamount of expandingV taper so that the total effect will be to provide uniform pressure at the nip. with the overlying roll.

It will further be appreciated that when a roll and axle are constructed as shown in Figures fi and 5 and deflection of both the roll and axle does occur, relative movement of these two parts may develop along the curved surfaces at the support positions, but as these surfaces are lubricated, and the relative movement is of course slight, no appreciable wear should take place.

Another modification of the invention is shown in Figure 6. In this form of the invention I provide near each end of the roll 60 a shoulder 6! and near each end of the rotatable shaft 62 a shoulder 63. Against these shoulders I align a group of flexible clics D which may be made of metal, fibrous material or molded synthetic materials of sumcient strength and flexibility for the purpose. These discs D bridge the gap between the roll and axle and can flex laterally between their inner and outer margins in response to the dissimilar deflection of the axle and the roll. The inner and outer margins of the discs are clamped in position by means of tight press fits from the sleeve 64 held by the nut 65 and from the sleeve 66 secured to the roll by means of bolts 6l.

The support positions at which this group of discs will be located near each end of the roll will preferably be disposed within each roll a distance from the end of each roll equal to one-fifth of the total length of the roll. Thus the cantilever action between the roll end portion and the middle portion of each roll as discussed heretofore will be obtained.

Another mcdiiication of the invention is shown in Figure 7. This form of the invention may be utilized when the roll 70 is supported upon a stationary or dead shaft 1l. In this case I mount a roller' bearing assembly upon the shaft, including the inner race l2, the outer race 73 which Ishould have a press fit on the interior of the roll, together with the roller bearing elements "14. This roller bearing may be lodged against a shoulder provided on the interior of the roll by means of an annular flange member l5 which is nonrotatably secured in the roll with a press fit and which has an edge portion contacting the surface of the shaft serving as an oil seal. A similar oil seal may be provided on the sleeve 16 which is secured by bolts 'll to the roll end and which holds the roller bearing race 13 in place. A sleeve 18 on the shaft 'H holds the roller bearing race 'l2 in place, and itself is held in position by the nut 19.

1 A-modification similar tothe form of the invention shown in Figure 7 is shown in Figure 8. In -this instance the roll is mounted on a dead shaft 8|, and in place of a roller bearing at the supportposition, inwardly from the roll ends one-fifth of its length I provide a convex collar 82 non-rotatably mounted on the shaft and a concave sleeve 83 non-rotatably xed within thev roll interior. The sleeve rotates upon the stationary collar 82, thus supporting the roll upon the shaft. Any appropriate means for lubricating V this bearing surface may be provided.

It will, of course, be understood that the details ofconstruction herein disclosed are subject to some variations without departing from the principles of this invention and it is, therefore,-

not the purpose to'limit the patent granted hereon otherwise than necessitated by the scope of the appended claims.

Having shown and described my invention, IA

claim:

1. A roll and axle vassembly .adapted for paper making machinery comprising `a roll, a pair of annular bearing means disposed internally of the rolleach spaced inwardly from the roll ends, a through axle extending through and beyond the roll ends, annular bearing means on the axle registering with the roll bearing means and supporting the roll wholly thereon and a thin layer of flexible rubber-like material interposed between each of the cooperating roll and axle bearing means.

2. A roll and axle assembly adapted for paper making machinery comprising a roll having a pair of internal inwardly projecting annular surfaces thereon each spaced inwardly from the roll end-s, a removable sleeve tightly embraced by each of said annular surfaces, a through axle extending through and beyond the roll ends, a pair of annular enlarged portions on said axle spaced to register with said surfaces, a removable collar tightly surrounding each said enlarged portion, and `alayer of rubber between each sleeve and associated collar.

. 3. A roll and axle assembly adapted for paper making machinery comprising a roll having internal inwardly projecting annular surfaces thereon spaced inwardly from the roll ends, a removable vsleeve tightly embraced by each of said annular surfaces, a through axle extending through and beyond the roll ends, annular enlarged 'portions on said axle spaced to register with said surfaces, a removable collar tightly surrounding each said enlarged portion, and a layer of rubber between each sleeve and associated collar.

4. A roll and axle assembly adapted for paper making machinery comprising a hollow roll, sleeves tightly embraced by the roll and spaced inwardly from the roll ends, a through axle extending through and beyond the roll ends, collars non-rotatably mounted on the axle and spaced to register with said sleeves, and a layer of rubber disposed between each sleeve and cooperating collar.

5. A roll and axle assembly adapted for paper making machinery comprising a hollow roll, an axle extending through and beyond the roll ends for rotation with the roll, disc shaped bearing means supporting the roll on the axle internally of the roll and iiexible longitudinally of the axle, and means on the roll for securing the bearing means to the roll by gripping only the peripheral portion thereof.

ii. 'A'rll andaxlef assemblyiadapteditor :paper making :machinery: comprising a lzhol-low zroll, :an axle extending through and beyondthey rollf ends for v rotation with the doll, y.cooperating resilient annular bearingv means 'on' the rollandzaxlepositioned within the roll,sleeves-for-retaining'vsaid bearing means in positionengagingsaid.rol1.-se cured outside =of Asaid :roll against longitudinal displacement, and cooperating vcollars kon :said axle engaging said vbearing means `for rcausing the .roll and axle to rotaterin unison.

7. Aroll and axle assemblyvadaptedforpaper making machinery comprising a hollow rollyan axleextending through: ands beyond the-roll Aends for rotation with the roll, sdetachable .resilient axiallyrflexible bearingfmeans on the roll and axle positioned Within lthe roll, and annular means adjustably securedon. the ,roll and-.onf the axle for retaining said bearing means against longitudinal*v displacement.

8. A roll and axle assembly adapted for paper making .machinery comprisinga helios/:roll shell, an axle extending freeiy `through and beyond the roll ends, spaced thrustfsupportingbearings therebetween comprising contiguous Ashell-l mounted .and axle-mounted .faces that. are i relatively shiftable longitudinally, a solid, resilient, axially-flexible .annulus ,of thrust-.supporting substance between .said faces distortable to ,permit the relative longitudinal .shifting ,without galling metal-to-,metal contact atsaid faces,rand means mounted on sai'd shell and said axle for maintaining said substance between said VVfaces.

`9. A roll 'and axle assembly adapted forpaper making machinerycomprsing ahollowroll shell, an axle extending freely through and beyond the roll ends, spaced thrustsupporting bearings therebetween and disposed internally of said roll and comprising contiguous shell-mounted and axle-mounted faces that are relatively 'shiftable longitudinally, a solid resilient axially-,flexible annulus of thrustesupporting substance between said'faces distortable to permit the relative'longitudinal` shiftingV Without galling. metal-to-metal contact of said faces, means mounted on said axle for maintaining Asaidsubstance inposition against said 'axle-mounted face, andsleeves embraced'by said shell and contacting said substance for maintaining -said substance on said shell-mounted face.

10. A roll and axle 'assembly'adaptedfcr paper malringmachinery comprising a hollow' roll shellI an -axle extending freely through and beyond theroll ends, spaced thrust-supportingbearings therebetweenV and disposed internally ofsad" roll and comprising contiguous shell-mounted and axle-mounted faces that are relativelyshiftable longitudinally, a solid resilient axially-nexible annulus of thrust-supporting substancebetween said-faces distortable to permit the relative longitudinal shifting Without galling metal-toemetal contact of said faces, sleeves embraced by'said 8l. shell ciampingly engaging :said .annulus for acorotationthereof withssaidfshell, and collars nonrotatably =.mounted Aon the axleand spaced `to register with said sleeves .forclampingly engaging .saidzannulus forzcorotation thereof with said axle.

'11. V.A roll andiaxle-assenibly adapted for paper making machinery comprising a hollow roll shell, an. axle extending freely through and beyond the r rollends. spaced 1' thrust-supporting bearings therebetween and disposedinternally of saidroll and vcompris-ing `contiguous shell-mounted and axles-mounted f aces f that are relativelyy shiftable longitudinally, a solid resilient laxially-flexible annulus of 'thrust-supporting substance between said faces .distortable to permit relatvelongitudinal :shifting .therebetweenvand sleeves eine braced by said `.shell and :collars bnon-.rotatably mounted onasaidsanileA cooperating with' said^an nulus `to ucorotatablyssupport `'said' shell on said axle.

, 12. .Afroil andi axie assembly:- adapted for paper making machinery comprising a hollow roll shellV having aipair 'of lshciil'ders'in. said shell spaced inwardiy Lfromopposite ends thereof, `an axle extending Vfreely lthroughand beyond the roll ends having shoulders thereon in :registery With theshoulders; inside the shellaspaced thrust-supporting 'bearings therebetween 4'comprising vclonti-guons .shell-mourned .and axle-mounted .faces each adjacent Lto respective :shoulders ion said shell Lof. saidaxle, a soiid res'ilient` axially.k flexible armuluslof =thrnstasupporting substance between sai'c-1faeesy distortable "Lto permit Vrelative longitudinaleshiiting yicetvire'en saidfacea sleeves .embraced :Ahy `said shell :.clampingly i engaging `the outer. perpheryof :saidzannulus againstsaid .shell shouldersr` and collarsncnfrotatably ,mounted` on said axle and clampingly-fengaging 1 the inner periphery :of .said .annulus against the axle 'shoulders.

,LLOYD HORNBOSTEL.

fReferencesiCited in .the-.filemf this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number ,'Narne Date 41,851 :Merritt .Mar.81`864 :886,998 .Love May', 1908 r1,145,558 .Coppa-ge July 6,1915 1,222,501 Whtel Apr. 10, 1917 1,644,815) yDoerr.. Octel 11, 1927 2,025,746 Horton.rd Yv. .Dec. 31, .1935 2,261,740 Makarins Nov. 4, `15341 2,395,915 Specht Mar. 5, 1946' 'FOREIGN- 'PATENT S Number vvCountry' vDate '388 Great Britain of 1881 670 `GreatBritain of 1889 13,641 Great'Britain of 1900 '124,222 'Great Britain f 1907 227,295 Germany Oct. 18, 1910 

